Recent surges in pneumonia cases related to Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been reported in several countries, including China, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and a specific county in Ohio. While no widespread escalation of Mycoplasma infections has been observed throughout the United States, this bacteria historically triggers pneumonia outbreaks every one to three years. Health experts anticipated a potential increase in cases, considering the absence of a significant surge since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Dr. Buddy Creech, a specialist in pediatric infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University, expressed expectations of varying seasons for Mycoplasma infections, noting that this year might witness a higher incidence compared to previous years across the US and Europe. European surveillance, conducted across 24 countries at 45 sites, revealed a rise in cases, with a notable fourfold increase by summer and fall, particularly pronounced in Asia and Europe, according to a report in The Lancet Microbe.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention highlighted a potential role of antibiotic resistance in contributing to the escalation of cases in China. Dr. Peter Hotez from the Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development emphasized that periodic outbreaks tend to affect school-aged children, particularly those aged between 5 to 12 years old.
Mycoplasma, while unfamiliar to many parents, is a known cause of mild pneumonia or “walking” pneumonia among doctors. It manifests with a persistent cough, often accompanied by a fever, headache, and occasionally a blotchy rash on the trunk, back, or arms. Pneumonia, characterized by lung inflammation leading to the accumulation of fluid or pus, can result from various factors, including viruses, bacteria, and chemicals. The current rise in pneumonia cases is also attributed to respiratory infections stemming from Covid-19, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Health officials in Warren County, Ohio, noted an increase in pneumonia cases among children, observing 142 cases since August. They clarified that this surge isn’t indicative of a new respiratory disease but rather an elevation in the usual number of pneumonia cases seen concurrently. Mycoplasma, Strep bacteria, and adenovirus were among the agents identified in testing.
Although Mycoplasma infections aren’t mandatorily reported to public health departments in many states, the CDC actively monitors these infections through emergency departments and laboratory data. As per CDC Director Dr. Mandy Cohen, current emergency department visits related to pneumonia don’t exhibit any unusual trends.
Dr. Creech emphasized that many Mycoplasma-induced pneumonia cases might not have been documented yet. Given that these cases are often milder and treated in pediatrician offices, the actual prevalence could be underestimated. He stressed the importance for parents and healthcare providers to remain vigilant, although not alarmed, regarding the potential elevation of Mycoplasma cases this year.
Standard antibiotics used to treat most forms of pneumonia are ineffective against Mycoplasma infections. Specific antibiotics like azithromycin or Z-Pak are required. However, these medications might not be suitable for pneumonia caused by other agents, necessitating careful consideration in treatment decisions. Creech advised parents that if antibiotics do not yield a reasonable response within the first few days, it’s crucial to consult their pediatrician for further guidance.
